(16 April 1889 – 25 December 1977 was a versatile actor, director and music producer whose prolific entertainment career spanned over 75 years.
"Life is a tragedy when seen in close-up, but a comedy in long-shot"
- Charlie Chaplin
Chaplin was born in London, 1889 to parents who worked in the entertainment industry. At an early age, his alcoholic father passed away, and later his mother had a breakdown and was taken to an asylum. This left Charlie and his brother to fend for themselves. Following in their parents footsteps, they were drawn to the musical hall and Charlie gained a prominent reputation as a performer.
In 1910, Charlie travelled to America and gained experience in the fledgling film industry. It was here in America that he was to develop his first famous characters such as the Tramp - the trademark Charlie Chaplin character of bowler hat, moustache and ill fitting clothes. Charlie Chaplin became the great start of the silent era and his popularity spread throughout the globe.
Charlie Chaplin had tremendous intensity. He would finance, write and direct all his films himself. He was a great perfectionist and would make his actors perform scenes up to 100 times to get it just right. He also liked to improvise much of his performances and would not stick rigidly to a script.
Some of his most famous films include - City Lights (1931) and The Great Dictator (1940). The Great Dictator was a satire on the totalitarian dictators of Hitler and Mussolini. Chaplin himself played two roles - a Jewish barber, discriminated against. And the dictator of "Adenoid Hynkel", Dictator of Tomania a clear parody of Adolf Hitler.
The film was made one year before the US entered the war against Germany, and was controversial at a time when anti-semitism was rife in America. Despite his parody of Hitler in this film, Chaplin refused to publically endorse the war effort in 1942 causing the authorities to become suspicious of his political leanings.
"Wars, conflict, it's all business. "One murder makes a villain. Millions a hero". Numbers sanctify."
Monsieur Verdoux (1947);
In the post war period, the FBI under J Edgar Hoover, kept close tabs on Chaplin because of his perceived left wing ' Communist views' Eventually, the US authorities decided to revoke his entry visa into the US and Chaplin was forced to live in Switzerland.
"Since the end of the last world war, I have been the object of lies and propaganda by powerful reactionary groups who, by their influence and by the aid of America's yellow press, have created an unhealthy atmosphere in which liberal-minded individuals can be singled out and persecuted. Under these conditions I find it virtually impossible to continue my motion-picture work, and I have therefore given up my residence in the United States."
Charlie Chaplin
Charlie Chaplin later said he was not a Communist but refused to condemn Communists because he disliked the nature of the McCarthy era.
Friends have asked how I came to engender this American antagonism. My prodigious sin was, and still is, being a non-conformist. Although I am not a Communist I refused to fall in line by hating them. Secondly, I was opposed to the Committee on Un-American Activities — a dishonest phrase to begin with, elastic enough to wrap around the throat and strangle the voice of any American citizen whose honest opinion is a minority of one. * My Autobiography (1964)
Chaplin had great comic talent, this was a talent that shone through in his silent films but also in later years.
"I remain just one thing, and one thing only — and that is a clown. It places me on a far higher plane than any politician."
Charlie Chaplin, As quoted in The Observer (17 June 1960)
Chaplin was put forward for a knighthood in 1956, but, it was blocked by the Conservative cabinet who feared a backlash from the American government.
Chaplin was eventually knighted in 1975. He also was awarded an Oscar in 1972 for his music score in the 1952 film Limelight. He was also awarded an honorary award in 1972 for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century"
He came out of exile to receive the award and the longest standing ovation in the history of the Oscars.
Charlie Chaplin had a turbulent personal life. He had 11 children with 3 different women and had several other girlfriends and marriages.
He died in his sleep in Vevey, Switzerland on Christmas Day 1977.
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